The Truster System/Psychological Structure
The Psychological Structure of a Lie During Free Conversation, and the System
Messages - It is important to understand the psychological structure of stress and lies
during a conversation. In contrast with other test situations (such as a police
investigation), a test during a free conversation has a guiding psychological structure that
is true for most cases.

In a free conversation, without a predefined purpose, the subject is unable to tell in
advance where the conversation is leading. In addition, the subject will tell the truth most
of the time - and will lie only a few times, if he or she lies at all.

Within this psychological structure, the need to lie will rise as a surprise and will usually
be expressed in a sharp, remarkable and immediate manner. By the same token, the
stress will also disappear very quickly. In these cases, the system will recognize the lie or
the exaggeration, and it will respond with the diagnosis "False statement" for a lie, or
"Inaccuracy" for an exaggeration. Similarly, the diagnosis "Subject is not sure" indicates
that the system recognized uncertainty or confusion in the speaker's voice; the diagnosis
"Avoidance \ voice manipulation" indicates that the subject is consciously manipulating
his or her voice (whether he or she is trying to sound credible, or attempting to avoid a
stressful question); the diagnosis "Excitement" and the diagnosis "High excitement"
indicate that the subject's excitement level is above his or her excitement during the
calibration process, that is, the subject is now more excited as he or she speaks than at
the beginning of the conversation; the diagnosis "Extreme excitement" indicates that the
subject had a high emotional stress while speaking. (this does not mean that the subject
was lying.) ; the diagnosis "Outsmart" indicates that the subject is not at ease with the
things he or she is saying, that is, the subject is being cynical. Alternatively, the message
can indicate an attempt to conceal a lie by using cynicism and avoid giving a straight
answer. The diagnosis can also appear when the subject is treating the conversation with
condescension.

Most of the time, the diagnosis will be "Truth", indicating that the subject is not under
any kind of stress. Another diagnosis produced by the system is a red frame that is
turned on in the "Sound wave" window when the subject is under high general stress -
that is, nervousness, expectancy or any similar type of stress.

Polygraph vs. the Truster
What is a Polygraph? - A polygraph is a system, which can detect a person's state of
excitement, stress or emotional conflict according to pre-defined criteria. The polygraph
performs several consecutive physical tests by connecting the subject to multiple sensors
simultaneously. The tests include the subject's blood pressure, sweating, breathing rate,
pulse etc.

The subject's consent is necessary for performing the test, and it is highly important to
conduct the test in an agreeable, interruption-free setting. An inappropriate setting may
influence the lie detector test and produce a deviation in its results.
The test's degree of credibility is significantly influenced by the operator's level of skill
and professional expertise.

The Speech Mechanism
When a person speaks, air is pushed from the lungs upward to
the vocal cords. As a result, the vocal cords vibrate in a specific frequency, called the
speaker's main leading frequency. The air keeps flowing upward to the mouth and goes
through the tongue, teeth and lips, thereby creating the speech flow.
When a person lies, the amount of blood in the vocal cords drops as a result of the stress.
An involuntary interference of the nerves causes the vocal cords to produce a distorted
sound wave.

The distortion is manifested by the production of a frequency level which is different
from the one produced by the same person when telling the truth. In addition, a subject's
voice can reveal many factors which are not detected in the traditional lie detector
diagnosis, such as confusion, excitement, embarrassment, physical pain, and more.